Constitutional Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Constitutional Rights - Research Paper Example These inherent rights have never been more happily expressed than in the declaration of independence, that new evangel of liberty to the people: "We hold these truths to be self-evident" -- that is, so plain that their truth is recognized upon their mere statement -- "that all men are endowed" -- not by edicts of emperors, or decrees of Parliament, or acts of Congress, but "by their Creator with certain inalienable rights" -- that is, rights which cannot be bartered away, or given away, or taken away, except in punishment of crime -- "and that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and to secure these" -- not grant them, but secure them -- "governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." (Butchers Union v. Crescent City Co., 1884) The reader should study that passage carefully and read it several times. Slowly read it out loud, listening carefully to the words. What is the difference between ordinary rights and so-called â€Å"Constitutional Rights†? There is no difference, except that those rights enumerated and guaranteed in the US Constitution get more attention. Breathing is not a Constitutionally protected activity, yet the Declaration of Independence clearly claimed a â€Å"right to life† exists. The Supreme Court has repeatedly claimed to have found a right to privacy, yet we find no such concept enumerated in the articles or amendments of the Constitution. In the US the Supreme Court is the final arbiter of what your rights are. Pay careful attention to what they have to say. There are many rights, but the issue is focusing on rights that are generally acknowledged to both exist and be â€Å"fundamental† rights. Not knowing one’s rights, one cannot protest when they are violated and lacking a timely objection the courts consider the matter to be waived. We shall discuss in the following report a few critical rights that anyone, post arrest and post conviction,

Analysis on Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Analysis on Antigone - Essay Example An interesting twist might be to make the organized crime family Japanese, a story based upon the Yakuza rather than the more commonly known organized crime structure of the Italian mob. The setting of the play is justified because of the familial themes that are similar in both of the genres. The Greek setting is based upon royal familial ties and the need for both legitimacy in Creon’s authority and a conflict in which Antigone must defy his decision. The character interactions in the play by Sophocles are defined by their ties within a family and this makes the transition to a setting in which organized crime is involved have a strong potential. The genre of organized crime is based upon the ‘family’, thus the line of succession is a part of their power structure. That the role of Creon would be in jeopardy of losing his place would also play nicely in the organized crime genre because although family is important, it is not the only criteria for establishing power. The son of an organized crime boss or the brother is not necessarily in line to inherit the control of the syndicate. The misogyny in organized crime can also be translated from the Greek. In the literary genre of organized crime stories women typically do not have a great deal of power and are more often portrayed as victims. Women in Japanese society have a tradition of being submissive, thus the nature of Antigone would have the same meaning if translated into a modern context. She is both young and female, thus her opinion would not be taken into consideration similar to the way it was not taken into consideration in the Greek version until she acted. Although modern Japanese women have more power than in the past, the organized crime syndicate of the Yakuza is based upon lower socio-economic male members of the Japanese society who are disenfranchised and find a brotherhood with the Yakuza gangs. It is typically male oriented (Howard, 2011). The setting of Japan in

Impact and History of Global Warming

Impact and History of Global Warming James Grinchishin We stand watch as the great abundance of waters around us heats up faster than ever, creatures of the sea are rapidly migrating. We witness the steady increase of contemporary dilemmas, unseen before, such as nuclear power plants being over ridden with jellyfish. Recurring heat waves and extremities in whether have become the norm. When we choose to do nothing, we witness as the world commences on its path to an apocalyptic nightmare less than a century from now, when well be faced with mass extinctions, a substantial increase in wildfires, deceased aquatic life, and meager fresh water to drink. By 2030, agricultural yields will plummet. By 2040, a plethora of species will be on the verge of extinction; both flooding and drought skyrocket without proportion. By 2050, common crops will stop growing from heat exhaust and food will become a problem with our growing population. Warmer areas such as Africa will definitely be a breeding ground for diseases and a host of malnutrition. The c oral reefs by now will have completely disappeared. By 2060, extreme coastal storms have the capacity to wipe out major cities; Populated urban centers become a breeding ground for an outburst in invasive species all while the Alps are drastically changing from a lack of snowfall. In the 2080s, due to the rise in sea levels coastal cities inundate more frequently and consistently costing lives and billions in capital. By 2090, delta temperatures peak nearly an average blazing six degrees hotter. How can we stand idle while our comrades are fallen? While it may seem as in the world described all is lost, doom and gloom, we can only hope that for the worst case scenario. In a world so delicate where one massive volcanic eruption can throw us into another ice age, how far can humanity actually change the course of Earths history? Global warming is by no doubt the greatest challenge in environmental problems we have ever faced and can no longer be ignored. It endangers life on earth and the worlds economies every day. With global warming comes longer and more intense heat waves and storms. As the climate changes, the likelihood of new pests to humans, plants, and animals increases and further puts us in danger. Agriculture and forestry are hit harder than ever before though wildfires and harder growing seasons; These are devastating effects of the destruction of ecosystems. Global warming has become humanities new greatest problem and our future generations are at risk. Â   Â   While 97 out of every 100 scientists confirm to believe in the harmful effects of global warming, there exists an array of persons who doubt the existence and disregard the vitality in taking repercussions to reduce the increasing threat of global warming. Skeptics have often stated climate is always changing. Climate has changed before. We have had ice ages and warmer periods when alligators were found in Spitzbergen. (Lindzen 1) Ice ages have occurred in a hundred thousand year cycle for the last 700 thousand years, and there have been previous periods that appear to have been warmer than the present despite CO2 levels being lower than they are now. More recently we have had the medieval warm period and the little ice age. (Lindzen 1) Another argument against the so called threat of global warming is often stated as its the sun. Over the past few hundred years, there has been a steady increase in the numbers of sunspots, at the time when the Earth has been getting warmer. The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer. (BBC 1) While the evidence for global warming may controversially exist, is global warming really such a bad thing? Two thousand years of published human histories say that warm periods were good for people. It was harsh, unstable Dark Ages and Little Ice age that brought bigger storms, untimely frost, widespread famine and plagues of disease. (Avery 15) There are several common argumentative points presented to debunk the view on global warming; however, most arguments either simply say its a hoax, or attempt to blame the changing global patterns on other sources. There exists many uneducated persons who still fail to recognise the potentially damaging effects of global warming who argue global warming is a hoax and nothing should be done about it. While climate has changed before, as many use as an argument, the lengths and causes of climate change were not nearly as abrupt, or created by humans. Greenhouse gasses including mainly Carbon Dioxide, had a part role in the previous global warming epidemics. As natural processes of CO2 reduction occurred, climate generally cooled; Likewise, as CO2 rose in levels, the climate warmed. When levels of CO2 increased at much higher rates, the effects of this rapid increase caused much more catastrophic disasters and even lead to mass extinctions. Humans today are emitting prodigious quantities of CO2, at a rate faster than even the most destructive climate changes in earths past. We can observe a fine line between the general natural gradual changes over time and the sudden abrupt CO2 bursts. The effects of gradual CO2 is noticed as life itself was prosperous in the Eocene, the Cretaceous and other times of high CO2 in the atmosphere because the greenhouse gasses were in balance with the carbon in the oceans and the weathering of rocks. Living creatures, the biochemical diversity of the oceans, and atmospheric gasses had millions of years to adjust to those levels. (Quinn 1) however, there are countless times in earths history where we see the temperature jumping abruptly, which can be related to today. Similarly to the greenhouse gas emissions seen today caused by humans, yet those abrupt global warming events were almost always highly destructive for life, causing whats described as mass extinctions such as at the end of the Permian, Triassic, or even mid-Cambrian periods. (Cook 1) These similar symptoms are seen today in the changes of climate with what we humans are causing. While we have seen the climate change before, in those cases scientists know why it was caused, and we can connect the similar causes of higher CO2 emissions. As past examples of rapid carbon emissions similar to today were generally highly destructive to the sweet life on Earth. Sunspots, while seen as a potential cause of bursts of heat, have been decreasing gradually and are not a major factor in the contributors to climate change. BBC says The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer. However true this may be, the factors that contribute to global climate change as far greater than solar flares, which are also much more rare than they used to be. Over the last 35 years the sun has shown a cooling trend. However global temperatures continue to increase. (Cook 1) Clearly, if the suns energy influencing our planet is decreasing, all the while earth is gradually shown to be increasing in temperature, the sun simply cannot be the main factor to influence the heating of our planet. While there have been occasional relations with sunspots heating as well as the earth, no significance is observed. For argument, some try to look to the sun as their escape to why the planet is heating up by cherry picking up dat a. They only portray moments of times where the sunspots rising and global temperatures are rising together. While some may misinterpret data or purposely pick it out, sunspots, while seen as an immediate cause for bursts of heat, are shown to be decreasing gradually and do not correlate to the major factors that are contributing to climate change. The atrocities that will arise with global warming will to all extents outweigh any superficial benefits that can arise. The effects of global warming can even be visible today with the increase in violent tropical storms and the raising of the ocean acidity. Some have a simple go to argument when all else fails, Its not bad says (Avery 1) he continues, Two thousand years of published human histories say that warm periods were good for people. It was the harsh, unstable Dark Ages and Little Ice Age that brought bigger storms, untimely frost, widespread famine and plagues of disease. While the thought of a slightly warming vacation for the generations to come, always tanning in sunshine may not sound to bad, there are much greater risks of global temperatures raising 2, 3 or even 6 Degrees. While CO2 is essential for plant growth, all agriculture depends also on steady water supplies, and climate change is likely to disrupt those supplies through floods and droughts. (Cook 3) Most cro ps rely on the stability and predictability of rainfall and temperatures. The increase in global temperatures means there is an increase in wildfires during the more frequent dry seasons. Another argument against the harmful effects of climate change is that having an increase in temperatures could benefit us by thawing more land to farm on. (Avery 2) However, the soil in Arctic and bordering territories is very poor, and the amount of sunlight reaching the ground in summer will not change because it is governed by the tilt of the earth. (Cook, 3) We have seen that the crop yield is already at the brink of destruction when a sudden local rise in temperature causes all the crops to wither and abstain from yielding necessary produce. Warmer winters would mean fewer deaths, particularly among vulnerable groups like the aged. (Avery 3) While this may be true and seem simple, the same groups are also vulnerable to additional heat, and deaths attributable to heatwaves are expected to be approximately five times as great as winter deaths prevented. (Cook 4) The increase in temperature will also contribute to a surplus of insects, particularly mosquitoes, which have been signed off as humanitys greatest killer have killed an estimated 40% of the worlds population through malaria. The excess heat will melt polar glaciers which will only contribute to the rise in sea level; consequently, the increased ocean surface area will only absorb more sunlight and heat the oceans faster. Many parts of the world which are at sea level, even major cities housing millions are at risk if the sea level rises only several feet. The CO2 emissions that have risen so far these past decades will be devastating to the atmosphere as we have already seen with the ozone layer, and aquatic life. This process is caused by additional CO2 being absorbed in the water, and may have severe destabilising effects on the entire oceanic food-chain. (Cook 5) There is clearly no argument that supports the globe is not heating other than cherry picked data, and the ignorant who only look at their local temperatures and can claim to see no immediate effects of global warming. The atrocities that will arise with global warming to all extents can easily outweigh any superficial benefits that can arise. It may seem as if the world is already being torn apart and there is no hope for restoring all the evident effects of global warming. In a world so delicate where one massive volcanic eruption can throw us into another ice age, how far can humanity actually change the course of Earths history? Global warming is by no doubt the greatest challenge in environmental problems we have ever faced. It threatens the health of the earths inhabitants and the worlds economies every day. With global warming comes longer and more intense heat waves and storms. Along with those climate changes, come more pests which in turn can carry devastating diseases. Forestry and farming are feeling the negative impact of global warming and were also seeing traces of a devastated ecosystem. The greatest problem with global warming is us, and if humanity doesnt change, the destruction of our earth wont stop. It seems easy to lay back and ignore the clear sights of climate change, the tropical weather patterns a nd elongated drought. However little the effects of global warming will be visible in our lifetimes, the future of generations to come will be living in a much different situation where they will try to revert our damage and see that its already too late. Global warming has become humanities new greatest problem and our future generations are at risk. Work Cited Quinn, Stephen. Eocene Period Ellesmere Island as It Appeared 50 Million Years Ago. Painting Nature Art by Stephen Quinn. Www.natureartists.com, www.natureartists.com/artists/artist_artwork.asp?ArtistID=608ArtworkID=23399. Accessed 12 February 2017. Cook, John. Climate Science Glossary. Skeptical Science, Skeptical Science, www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php. Accessed 12 February 2017. Lindzen, Richard S. Resisting Climate Hysteria. Quadrant Online, Quadrant Online, quadrant.org.au/opinion/doomed-planet/2009/07/resisting-climate-hysteria/. Accessed 13 February 2017. Avery, Dennis. 500 Scientists Refute Global Warming Dangers. WND, WorldNetDaily, 9 Dec. 7ADAD, www.wnd.com/2007/09/43489/. Accessed 13 February 2017.

The Creation of Encyclopedia :: History Philosophy Philosophers essays

The Creation of Encyclopedia Webster's New World Dictionary defines the Enlightenment as "an 18th-century European philosophical movement characterized by rationalism, an impetus toward learning, and a spirit of skepticism and empiricism in social and political thought." During this period of enlightenment, the way the world was viewed changed in a large part because of the group of philosophers known as the philosophes. During the Enlightenment the greatest philosophical movement of the philosophes was the creation of the Encylopedie ou Dicionnaire raisonne des sciences des arts et des mà ©tiers, or in English; the rational dictionary of the sciences, the arts and the crafts, otherwise known as the Encyclopedia. The philosophe's encyclopedia is regarded so highly because it brought about a new way of thinking, an enlightened way of thinking. The encyclopedia, according to the Electric Library, dates back to Aristotle and his attempts at compiling large amounts of information. Other encyclopedia's were written after Aristotle's attempt, including one that was published just a few years before the philosophe's Encyclopedia, the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia. (1) According to the Denis Diderot History web page, the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia was the inspiration for the philosophe's Encyclopedia. The intention was to create a French translation of the Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia, but when Denis Diderot was hired as editor, the outlook of the Encyclopedia changed. Diderot did not want a mere translation; instead he wanted an encyclopedia that would "enlighten and explain every aspect of existence." (1) Denis Diderot and another editor, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, a noted scientist and mathematician, started working on the Encyclopedia in 1745. Among the many responsibilities of creating such a big compilation of knowledge, was finding authors to write the Encyclopedia. To accomplish this task, Diderot and d'Alembert employed the services of some of the greatest minds of the time: people like Voltaire, Turgot, Quesnay, d'Holbach, Montesquieu, Buffon, and Rousseau. Robert Morrissey summed up the philosophes efforts by saying that, "these great minds (and some lesser ones) collaborated in the goal of assembling and disseminating in clear, accessible prose the fruits of accumulated knowledge and learning." (2) The Encyclopedia itself consists of seventeen volumes with a total of roughly 72,000 articles and 16,500 pages. According to Morrisey, "the typical article includes the head word, its part of speech and gender, the category of knowledge to which the article belongs (e.

Jet Blue Essay

There are a few trends that have come into play over the past few years. These different trends range from pricing for the flight to in flight perks. It seems that the perks and other in flight amenities are what may be what makes the difference and will impact any of the airline company’s strategy. Due to major hikes in fuel costs over the past year the airlines have had no other choice but to start passing this expense on to the flyers. The airlines have been trying to come up with competitive ways to differentiate themselves from the competition. Many of the airlines even charge for you check bags also. According to Ethan Davidoff in his article The Cost Behind Checking Bags most airlines only charge $25 for a bag to be checked but there is Southwest Airlines that allows two bags to be checked before charging. With that said in the above mentioned article one can see that you definitely want to travel light because for more than one bag the prices start to increase all the way up to $600. Although Southwest allows two checked bags there are other airlines that allow one free checked bag and most have a weight limit of 50lbs. If one were to travel internationally it may be cheaper to just purchase brand new clothes when you land. Not to mention the convenience of not checking any bags or having to wait to pick it up when you land, etc. So not only have airlines starting charging to check bags but many have stopped providing food, unless the flight is over a given amount of time and you are usually paying for that snack. The above mentioned change in airline airfares has certainly affected many airlines’ strategies. Also as mentioned above it has affected them most specifically in what type of benefits, perks, or amenities that they are willing to offer their flyers. Jet Blue has certainly followed suite and done various things to try to set themselves apart Discuss Jet Blue’s strategic intent. Jet Blue says that their â€Å"objective is optimize our fare mix to increase our average fare and, in certain markets, utilize our network to maximize connecting opportunities while continuing to provide our customers with competitive fares† (jetblue. om SEC filings, p. 31). Like any other company they are looking to cut costs without hurting any of the aspects of their company that sets them apart (i. e. customer service, tv, radio). Jet Blue airline seems to have set its strategy to take advantage of the charges that other airlines charge. They have set themselves apart by offering things on their flights that other airlines either don’t have or charge for. Jet Blue allows the firs t bag to fly free, the second costs $35, and the third costs $75. Although they do not have wireless broadband yet, unlike some other airlines, they do plan to have it in place 2012, and this is so because all of Jet Blue’s aircrafts are being set up for ViaSat satellite wireless which is new and no other airline has. Jet Blue is testing the service for ViaSat and the FAA for testing to be approved for use on airlines. However on the ground in the terminal it does offer free broadband at most airports (http://www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/onboard/wifi. asp). A strategy held by Jet Blue like that of any business is to improve its bottom line. Jet Blue wants not only to be profitable while reducing costs but they want their customers to be happy and have a good flying experience. Jet Blue has a saying on their site that says â€Å"our standards beat their extras† (http://www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/). They aim to provide stellar customer service. As a matter of fact according to ehow. com Jet Blue â€Å"was awarded the Conde Nast Traveler ‘Readers’ Choice Award’ for best domestic airline† and â€Å"in 2008, it won J. D. Power and Associates’ ‘Highest Customer Satisfaction Among Low Cost Carriers in North America’ award (ehow. com). More specifically they also state on their website that they have † ranked ‘Highest in Customer Satisfaction Among Low-Cost Carriers in North America’ by J. D. Power and Associates for five years in a row† (http://www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue airlines prides itself on its customer service. As noticed from the previous paragraph they have won awards for their customer service. It is no wonder that the company believes in making their customer’s flight experience a pleasant one since the company was started by â€Å"David Neeleman and a number of Southwest Airlines employees in February 1999† (ehow. om). Outstanding customer service is part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition. Discuss Jet Blue’s financial objectives and whether or not the company has been successful in achieving this objective. Before even getting into the financial objectives of the company just reading the SEC report for 2010 really shows proof that Jet Blue has been an extremely successful company over the past ten years. Since they were incorporated in 1998, flight starting in 2000, they have grown from $38. million in net income in 2001 to net income of $97 million in 2010 (jetblue. com). The aforementioned data shows proof of growth and success in lieu of turbulent financial times with rising fuel costs. Fuel costs dramatically rose over the company’s time in business which could have easily put a company under but they continue to strive. Discuss Jet Blue’s strategic elements of cost, organizational culture, and human resource practices and evaluate whether each element provides the organization with a competitive advantage. Jet Blue continues to be competitive with their ticket and baggage pricing. In their 2010 SEC filing they term themselves a â€Å"value airline – based on service, style, and cost† (p. 4). They go on to discuss in the overview how they feel that they continue to provide â€Å"best coach product† and â€Å"reasonably priced optional upgrades† (http://investor. jetblue. com, p. 4). As for Jet Blue’s organizational culture their web site specifically says â€Å"If you’re looking for a job where your career, your passion, and your sense of fun are all important then you’ve landed at the right place. At JetBlue we’ve built an award-winning brand based on delivering value, service, style and comfort to our customers — and to our crewmembers. And, by hiring people who share our vision, we’ve created a place where people enjoy coming to work† (http://www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue continues remain un-unionized. Discuss Jet Blue’s strategies for 2008 and beyond and evaluate whether or not Jet Blue will be successful implementing these strategies. Part of their strategy in 2008 has been the same as previous and later years, to remain on time with their flights. They have continued to do well meeting this goal. Jet Blue’s ongoing strategy has been to deliver exceptional customer service and on time direct flights. In 2008 they stated in their SEC filings that they were the â€Å"7th largest passenger carrier† and in their 2010 SEC filings they were the â€Å"6th largest†. Regardless of any strategies that they planned to implement they were obviously successful. The proof lies in their continued recognition by JD Power & Assoc, their net income increases, and their growth to 6th largest passenger carrier in the US. While other airlines are folding, being bought out, or merging Jet Blue is continuing to grow. It is no wonder since they offer outstanding customer service as only part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition. Some of their other features that ranks them high with their customers is the fact that they offer 36 tv channels, XM/Sirius radio, and unlimited snacks and beverages to all passengers at no cost. Kudos to a company for keeping its employees (all non-union) and customers happy.

Biodiversity at Risk Due to Urbanization

Forestry â€Å"Indo-Burma Forests† Forests, some of the most essential ecosystems in the world, house about forty to seventy-five percent all plants and animals globally. Unfortunately, the amount of biodiversity in forests is severely at risk due to the increasing deforestation over the past four decades. It is estimated in the biological community that approximately 50,000 species are completely wiped out annually as a result of arbitration, land clearance, logging, and other human techniques.Dry. Edward Wilson, a Harvard professor, predicts that half of all of earth's species could be extinct in about 50 years, unless the deforestation rate decreases. In 2011, Conservation International (also known as C') conducted a study of the top ten most endangered forests in the world (half of them located Asia-Pacific Region). Of the ten, the Indo-Burma forests were deemed the number one most endangered forest. Encompassing approximately 2,373,000 km, the forests spreads from eastern India to Southern china.The Indo- Burma forests are considered to be one of 34 â€Å"biodiversity hotshots,† a term coined y Norman Myers (a British biologist), which is a biographic landscape characterized by outstanding levels of habitat loss and plant endemics. Over ninety- five percent of the region's forests have been destroyed, which leaves only about five percent of the original forest area still standing; therefore, the Indo-Burma forests are the most vulnerable forests globally. The Indo-Burma forests are positioned in the midst of floodplains, lakes, and rivers.These various waterways give off life and prosperity, allowing richness in biodiversity as well as resources. This region is home oh number of the largest freshwater fish, bird, and turtle species. There is also, an assortment of ecosystems embodied in this hotshot, comprising of dry evergreen, wet evergreen, and deciduous forests. There are also several patches of woodlands and scrubbings on karts limestone ridges, some in costal lands as well as dispersed heath forests. Additionally, a broad range of distinct, restricted vegetation developments, including seasonally flooded grasslands, lowland floodplain swamps, and mangroves.This vast biological diversity is a result of topographical interaction, soil hegemonies, climate change, and seasonal rainfall patterns. The plant species are abundantly diverse with 13,500 vascular plants estimated with about half of them being endemic. The flora of forests range from a variety of ginger and orchids (over 1,000 different orchid species found in Thailand alone) to tropical hardwood trees including Disintegrations (teak) and Dipterous (which happens to be commercially valuable).The animal species are even more widespread as Indo-Burma is continually unmasking biological treasures. In the last twelve years, [the following] six age mammals have been discovered: The Salsa, the Inmate Mountain, the Large- Antlered Mountain, the Leaf Deer, the Grey S wanked Doug, and the Inmate Rabbit. There are approximately 430 mammal species residing in the region; over seventy species and seven types are endemic. Over 280 amphibian species are found in the hotshot, but there is not high level of endemics outside of the genus level.The region has noteworthy freshwater fish creatures; there are over 1,260 recognized species (about 10% of the world's total freshwater fish). There are more than 1,260 bird species with over 60 being endemic. The floodplain wetlands and the rivers are absolutely essential for bird species conservation since population numbers have declined due to human expansion and hunting. The reptile population is one of the more prevalent species of the region. Almost 520 species of reptile reside there which more than 200 species being endemic and twelve genera.This Indo-Burma hotshot carries perhaps the largest assortment of freshwater turtles globally; there are exactly 53 species (57 including tortoises), signifying 20% of the world's species. A popular species is the Chitchatted, a striped narrow-headed turtle with a soft-shell, which can grow up to about 120 centimeters. These species are decreases in number as well, mostly due to the overexploitation on behalf of wildlife trade. Of the 22 non- marine turtle species that are endangered, almost half of them are found in the Indo- Burma region.Other prominent reptiles include the Ellipsis butterfly lizard, the Chinese crocodile lizard, and the Siamese crocodile. Humans have greatly impacted life for the animals, however, and the overall environment. Indo-Burma was actually one of the primary lands used by humans in the development of agriculture; Hereford, fire has been used more and more over the years to clear out land needed to fit agricultural needs and other human demands. As demand for agricultural goods has skyrocketed over the past years due to population and market expansion, forest destruction became widespread.Huge areas of lowland forests soon became replaced with tree plantations (oil palm, teak, and rubber), while hill forests and Montana were threatened by sugarcane, coffee, tea, and vegetable crop plantations. In addition to plantations, forests become endangered by mining for ores and gems, firewood collection, charcoal production, and logging. The marine ecosystem simultaneously became under great pressure in many areas due to development. Draining for the cultivation of wet rice has damaged freshwater wetlands and floodplain swamps (mainly in Vietnam, Thailand, and Manner).The damming of rivers have also become way more prevalent in efforts to generate electricity and maximize water storage to support the economic growth of the country as well as for exportation of goods and services to bordering countries to increase foreign exchange income; regrettably, damming a river not only converts that small body of eater into a large pond, but it decreases the oxygen content and overall temperature, as well as in amp lifies water turbidity down the river and river-bed erosion.The operational measures of the reservoir has resulted in sporadic or frequent flooding of sandbanks, stretches of channel assortment, sandbars, and other territory that is generally uncovered during dry season [severely impacting turtle species and nesting birds]. Mangroves in the region have been transformed to aquaculture ponds, while mudflats have been comprehensively afforested with mangrove or shed by piles of nets, which greatly effects their significance as a feeding habitat for migrating birds and other specimen.Furthermore, ecosystems of sand dunes are in severe danger due to forestation, and overfeeding along with excessive use of [destructive] fishing methods have produced a considerable problem with both the offshore and coastal aquatic ecosystems. Being that only 5% of natural habitats are left in a pristine state and 10%-25% of damaged land due to habitat loss and exploitation of resources, something had to b e done to decrease the probability of omelet extinction of the forests. In the Indo-Burma hotshot, protected area structures have become the foundation of government conservation program.There is officially 236,000 km of land protected, representing nearly ten percent of the original amount of vegetation in the region. Conversely, only 132,000 km (almost six percent) is in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (CNN) protected area categories one to four. Together, the countries of Lower Mekong (Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Ala P. D. R. ) have above 13 percent f their territory contained by an arrangement of protected areas.A fine approach to ensuring that the system of protected areas effectively preserves representative biodiversity is by securing the species that face the greatest danger of extinction globally. Endangered species worldwide are shielded best by targeting preservation investment to the sites in which they are prevalent; the se areas are known as â€Å"key biodiversity areas† (Kbps). More efforts towards the conservation of the Indo-Burma forests are currently in the making and there are many organizations and individuals that are eager to contribute.